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Ovarian cysts are fluid-filled sacs that form on or inside the ovaries. These cysts can vary in size from microscopic to several inches in diameter. They are very common in women of reproductive age and can occur in both premenopausal and postmenopausal women. In most cases, ovarian cysts are benign and do not cause any symptoms or complications. However, some may become large enough to cause pelvic pain or make it difficult for the ovaries to function properly. In some cases, ovarian cysts may also cause abnormal bleeding or other symptoms.
Types of ovarian cysts
There are two main types of ovarian cysts: functional cysts and pathological cysts.
Functional cysts are the most common type of ovarian cysts and are typically harmless. They are caused when the ovary does not release an egg during a menstrual cycle. These cysts typically resolve on their own within a few months and do not require treatment.
Pathological cysts are less common and more serious than functional cysts. They are caused by abnormal cell growth, infection, or other medical conditions. These cysts can cause pain, irregular bleeding, and other symptoms. Treatment for pathological cysts may include surgery, hormone therapy, or other medications.
No matter the type of ovarian cyst, it is important to see a doctor if you experience any symptoms such as pelvic pain, pressure, or bloating. Your doctor can diagnose the type of cyst and recommend good ovarian cyst treatment to you.
Symptoms of an ovarian cyst
While most ovarian cysts are harmless, some can cause pain and other symptoms. Here are five common symptoms of an ovarian cyst.
1. Abdominal Pain: Abdominal pain is the most common symptom of an ovarian cyst. It can range from mild to severe and can be accompanied by a feeling of fullness or pressure in the abdomen.
2. Bloating: Bloating is another common symptom of an ovarian cyst. It is caused by the cyst pressing against other organs in the abdomen, such as the bladder or intestines.
3. Irregular Menstrual Cycles: Irregular menstrual cycles and spotting between periods can be a sign of an ovarian cyst.
4. Painful Intercourse: Painful intercourse is another symptom of an ovarian cyst. This can be caused by the cyst pressing against the uterus or other organs in the pelvic area.
5. Nausea and Vomiting: Nausea and vomiting can occur if a cyst grows large enough to cause a blockage in the abdomen.
If you experience any of these symptoms, it is important to see your doctor for a diagnosis. A pelvic exam, ultrasound, or other imaging tests can be used to diagnose an ovarian cyst.
Causes an ovarian cyst
The most common cause of ovarian cysts is ovulation. During ovulation, the ovary releases an egg and a follicle (a fluid-filled sac) forms around the egg. This follicle may not break open to release the egg, and can become a cyst. This type of cyst is called a functional cyst.
Other causes of ovarian cysts include endometriosis, pelvic inflammatory disease, and polycystic ovarian syndrome. Endometriosis occurs when tissue from the lining of the uterus (endometrium) grows outside of the uterus and onto the ovaries. This tissue can form cysts on the ovaries. Pelvic inflammatory disease is an infection of the reproductive organs that can lead to the formation of cysts. Polycystic ovarian syndrome is a hormonal disorder that can cause cysts to form on the ovaries.
Diagnosis of an ovarian cyst
A diagnosis of an ovarian cyst begins with a physical exam, during which the doctor will assess the size, shape, and location of the cyst. The doctor may also order imaging tests, such as an ultrasound or CT scan, to get a better look at the cyst.
If the cyst is large or if the doctor suspects it may be cancerous, they may also order a biopsy. During a biopsy, the doctor will take a small sample of the cyst and send it to a lab for analysis. The lab will examine the sample under a microscope to determine if it is a benign or malignant growth. If the cyst is benign, the doctor may suggest a “watch and wait” approach, or they may recommend surgery to remove the cyst. If the cyst is malignant, the doctor will likely recommend further tests to determine the stage of the cancer and the best treatment options.
Treatment of an ovarian cyst
In many cases, ovarian cysts do not require treatment and will go away on their own. If the cyst is small and does not cause any symptoms, your doctor may recommend monitoring it with regular ultrasounds. This will allow your doctor to check if the cyst is growing or changing.
If the cyst is large, or is causing symptoms such as pain, your doctor may recommend surgery. The type of surgery used to remove the cyst will depend on the size and location of the cyst. Laparoscopic surgery is the most common type of surgery used to remove ovarian cysts. During this procedure, your doctor will make a small incision in your abdomen and insert a thin tube with a camera on the end. The camera will allow your doctor to view the cyst and remove it.
In some cases, your doctor may recommend medication to shrink the cyst. This is most often done if the cyst is large or if it is causing severe symptoms. Medications such as birth control pills can be used to shrink the cyst and reduce symptoms.
Conclusion
Ovarian cysts are a common and usually harmless condition that affects many women. In some cases, however, they can cause pain and other symptoms. Fortunately, most ovarian cysts can be managed with lifestyle changes, medications, or surgery. It is important to talk to your doctor if you experience any symptoms of an ovarian cyst, such as pelvic pain, bloating, or irregular menstrual cycles. Early diagnosis and treatment can help prevent further complications.
Early diagnosis and treatment can help prevent further complications. With proper care, most women can live a healthy and symptom-free life.
FAQs
In young females, ovarian cysts are often caused by hormonal imbalances that cause the ovaries to produce multiple egg follicles, which can become cysts. Other causes of ovarian cysts in young females include endometriosis, polycystic ovarian syndrome.
- What does ovarian cyst pain feel like?
Ovarian cyst pain can feel like a dull ache or a sharp, stabbing pain in the lower abdomen. It can also cause pain during intercourse, and can cause pressure in the rectum or bladder.
- Can I get pregnant with ovarian cyst?
Yes, it is possible to get pregnant with ovarian cysts. However, it is important to note that ovarian cysts can affect fertility, and can cause complications during pregnancy. It is important to discuss any existing cysts with your doctor before attempting to get pregnant.
- What is the most common treatment for ovarian cysts?
Yes, ovarian cysts can be a serious problem. They can cause pain and discomfort, and can also lead to complications such as ovarian torsion, infection, and even rupture. In some cases, ovarian cysts can be cancerous, so it is important to get any suspicious cysts checked out by a doctor.
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